Overview

We conduct a systematic review of journal articles which examine racism in relation to the sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The term ‘notion’ is used to describe context-dependent instances of racism that point to broader meanings, that exist across contexts, which go on to formulate the evolving understandings of racism, noticeable in different ways that scholars have defined racism across disciplines and different settings.

Conceptual Framework

This study is motivated, in part, by the work of Shiao & Woody (2021) who discuss the various meanings of racism in sociological journal content. For the purpose of this study, our team sought to make sense of the nature of this intellectual structure in STEM, and the various concepts and themes that are situated within this structure.

Bonilla-Silva Shiao and Woody Notions
Pyschological Individual attitudes Personal
Cultural Cultural schema Cultural
Structural Structural: Pre-existing conditions Historical
Structural: Create or maintain Futural
Structural: Spatial Local
Global

Replication

Bibliographic collection

Data source: Clariate Analytics Web of Science

Data format: Plain text

Time span: 2003 - 2023

Document Type: Articles; Articles, early access

Query date: July 1, 2024

Research question

What is the state of the intellectual structure and emerging notions in research on racism in STEM?

Methodological Framework

We integrate systematic review techniques with computational methods to generate the methods for the study. The systematic review process builds on qualitative meta-synthesis techniques, as well as content and thematic analysis. The computational methods follow the general scientific mapping workflow for working with large sets of citations data.

Data

Four databases were used initially to identify the possible collections of sources, and to compare the various results obtained across databases.

ERIC.

Scopus.

Google Scholar.

Web of Science (WoS). The WoS Core Collection was used to obtain bibliographic information for the study sample. The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (ACHI), and Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) were selected. The Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S), Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science (CPCI-SSH), Book Citaton Index - Science (BKCI-S), and Book Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (BKCI-SSH) were not selected.

Given the formal inclusion of psychology as one of the STEM disciplines by research foundations, such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States, social science bibliographic entries were included.

[Query link]{https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/6d0d4c0d-2e83-4162-bd8f-077ad0a4cc34-f7d6e8a1/relevance/1}

A replication of the Shian & Woody results was obtained to ensure the appropriate steps for the conceptual replication were derived. The initial search for articles from the Web of Science Core Collection included the query (((TI=(racism or racist)) OR AB=(racism or racist)) OR AK=(racism or racist)) AND DOP=(1995-01-01/2015-12-31)) AND LA=(English) returned 8,950 results. When the article requirement and individual collection indices were added (SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI, and SCI-EXPANDED), a total of 6,378 articles remained. When the results were subset to those indexed as Sociology, a total of 1,033 articles remained.

(TI=(racism or racist) OR AB=(racism or racist) OR AK=(racism or racist)) AND DOP=(1995-01-01/2015-12-31) AND LA=(English)

Year span: 1995-2015

When education journal articles were selected, a total of 853 results remained. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/bfe60ccd-86c6-40d0-9ba5-16b667ff199e-f83fbe53/relevance/1

When science, technology, engineering, and mathematical subjects were selected a total of 1,462 results remained. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/eff6a28e-2893-454e-a79f-13e94a7d6c0e-f83fba7d/relevance/1

Forty results were returned when the sample is subset to education journal articles including one of the terms science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or STEM in their title or abstract. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/d5c643f1-25c7-46c1-93ef-6f458652d262-f83fe3c7/relevance/1

Year span: 2016-2023

Analytic sample

A final analytic sample of 254 articles was selected. These articles included the words racism or racist in their abstracts and at least one of the terms, science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or STEM in their abstracts); the time period was expanded to include article for the 20 year period from 2003 to 2023. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/331dedce-0c5c-40cd-b63e-734077ea3736-f840d6cf/relevance/1

Results.

Final data analysis was run on June 28, 2024. Prior to this period, multiple programs were designed and checked to ensure accuracy across different samples and generated psuedo data. All programs were confirmed to return the same results across studies.

3,318,115 results from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI): for ABSTRACT AND racism or science or technology or engineering or mathematics or stem https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/b7144fe8-2337-4d15-b2db-0fc78da08022-f78ebcfe/relevance/1

Analytic Framework

Set up

Load packages and import for data analysis.

Load packages

library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(readtext)
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ✔ ggplot2   3.5.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(here)
## here() starts at /Users/nathanalexander/Dropbox/Projects/racism-stem-ed
library(gt)
here::i_am("analysis.Rmd")
## here() starts at /Users/nathanalexander/Dropbox/Projects/racism-stem-ed/reports

Set up Bibliometrix

# install.packages("bibliometrix")
library(bibliometrix)
## Please note that our software is open source and available for use, distributed under the MIT license.
## When it is used in a publication, we ask that authors properly cite the following reference:
## 
## Aria, M. & Cuccurullo, C. (2017) bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis, 
##                         Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), pp 959-975, Elsevier.
## 
## Failure to properly cite the software is considered a violation of the license.
##                         
## For information and bug reports:
##                         - Take a look at https://www.bibliometrix.org
##                         - Send an email to info@bibliometrix.org   
##                         - Write a post on https://github.com/massimoaria/bibliometrix/issues
##                         
## Help us to keep Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny free to download and use by contributing with a small donation to support our research team (https://bibliometrix.org/donate.html)
## 
##                         
## To start with the Biblioshiny app, please digit:
## biblioshiny()
# test run biblioshiny
# bibliometrix::biblioshiny()

Load and convert data

# load wos database results
edrecords <- readtext(here("final-sample-ed.txt"))
# https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/331dedce-0c5c-40cd-b63e-734077ea3736-f840d6cf/relevance/1

stemrecords <- readtext(here("final-sample-stem.txt"))
# https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/507ef07d-4440-43c5-a139-c3148bf75a7f-f8416bcd/relevance/1

# convert  file to a bibliometric df
M1 <- convert2df(file=edrecords, dbsource= "wos", format= "plaintext")
## 
## Converting your wos collection into a bibliographic dataframe
## 
## Done!
## 
## 
## Generating affiliation field tag AU_UN from C1:  Done!
M2 <- convert2df(file=stemrecords, dbsource= "wos", format= "plaintext")
## 
## Converting your wos collection into a bibliographic dataframe
## 
## Done!
## 
## 
## Generating affiliation field tag AU_UN from C1:  Done!

Notes

  • The file contains 261 documents from lsi.

  • The file is missing the Cited References (CR) as noted above; the CR were omitted as a part of the data generation process.

  • The status of the DE (Keyword) category is labeled as Poor given that 62 missing counts (prop=0.2375) are listed; however, the ID (Keywords plus) category is listed as Acceptable, with only 30 missing counts (prop=0.1149).

  • All other indicators are listed as Good (at least 1 missing count) or Excellent (0 missing counts).

Descriptive Analysis

Although bibliometrics is primarily used to understand productivity and the impact of specific contributions to a field, the field has expanded to inform useful insights in systematic analysis.

Main information about the included studies

results1 <- biblioAnalysis(M1)
summary(results1, k=20, pause=F, width=130)
## 
## 
## MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA
## 
##  Timespan                              2003 : 2023 
##  Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        108 
##  Documents                             508 
##  Annual Growth Rate %                  13.68 
##  Document Average Age                  4.18 
##  Average citations per doc             17.81 
##  Average citations per year per doc    2.744 
##  References                            12742 
##  
## DOCUMENT TYPES                     
##  article                    472 
##  article; early access      36 
##  
## DOCUMENT CONTENTS
##  Keywords Plus (ID)                    425 
##  Author's Keywords (DE)                761 
##  
## AUTHORS
##  Authors                               714 
##  Author Appearances                    1528 
##  Authors of single-authored docs       80 
##  
## AUTHORS COLLABORATION
##  Single-authored docs                  166 
##  Documents per Author                  0.711 
##  Co-Authors per Doc                    3.01 
##  International co-authorships %        7.087 
##  
## 
## Annual Scientific Production
## 
##  Year    Articles
##     2003       10
##     2005        2
##     2007        4
##     2009        2
##     2010        4
##     2011        4
##     2012        6
##     2013       12
##     2014        8
##     2015        4
##     2016       18
##     2017       24
##     2018       28
##     2019       32
##     2020       36
##     2021       66
##     2022      118
##     2023      130
## 
## Annual Percentage Growth Rate 13.68 
## 
## 
## Most Productive Authors
## 
##     Authors        Articles  Authors        Articles Fractionalized
## 1  MCGEE EO              16 MCGEE EO                           9.00
## 2  LEYVA LA              10 MARTIN DB                          4.00
## 3  MORALES-DOYLE D        8 NKRUMAH T                          4.00
## 4  DANCY M                6 MORALES-DOYLE D                    3.83
## 5  MARTIN DB              6 LEYVA LA                           3.07
## 6  MCNEILL RT             6 MENSAH FM                          3.00
## 7  MILES ML               6 SPARKS DM                          3.00
## 8  NISSEN J               6 ZEMBYLAS M                         3.00
## 9  ATWATER MM             4 RUSSO-TAIT T                       2.67
## 10 BROCKMAN AJ            4 NISSEN J                           2.40
## 11 EL-HANI CN             4 ABRICA EJ                          2.00
## 12 ERETE S                4 AIKENHEAD GS                       2.00
## 13 GALAMBA A              4 AVRAAMIDOU L                       2.00
## 14 KING NS                4 BALDWIN-WHITE A                    2.00
## 15 MADKINS TC             4 BANAJI S                           2.00
## 16 MCGEE R                4 BANCROFT SF                        2.00
## 17 MENDENHALL R           4 BAYECK RY                          2.00
## 18 MENSAH FM              4 BERY S                             2.00
## 19 MICKELSON R            4 BICKFORD JH                        2.00
## 20 MUTEGI JW              4 BONDY JM                           2.00
## 
## 
## Top manuscripts per citations
## 
##                             Paper                                   DOI  TC TCperYear   NTC
## 1  MCGEE EO, 2011, AM EDUC RES J           10.3102/0002831211423972     289     20.64 1.329
## 2  MCGEE EO, 2011, AM EDUC RES J-a         10.3102/0002831211423972     289     20.64 1.329
## 3  GUTIÉRREZ R, 2013, J RES MATH EDUC      NA                           267     22.25 3.147
## 4  GUTIÉRREZ R, 2013, J RES MATH EDUC-a    NA                           267     22.25 3.147
## 5  MCGEE EO, 2016, AM EDUC RES J           10.3102/0002831216676572     193     21.44 4.237
## 6  MCGEE EO, 2016, AM EDUC RES J-a         10.3102/0002831216676572     193     21.44 4.237
## 7  CONSTANTINE MG, 2007, J COUNS PSYCHOL   10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.142   184     10.22 1.957
## 8  CONSTANTINE MG, 2007, J COUNS PSYCHOL-a 10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.142   184     10.22 1.957
## 9  MCGEE EO, 2020, EDUC RESEARCHER         10.3102/0013189X20972718     171     34.20 4.878
## 10 MCGEE EO, 2020, EDUC RESEARCHER-a       10.3102/0013189X20972718     171     34.20 4.878
## 11 JOHNSON A, 2011, J RES SCI TEACH        10.1002/tea.20411            146     10.43 0.671
## 12 JOHNSON A, 2011, J RES SCI TEACH-a      10.1002/tea.20411            146     10.43 0.671
## 13 MORALES-DOYLE D, 2017, SCI EDUC         10.1002/sce.21305            125     15.62 4.673
## 14 MORALES-DOYLE D, 2017, SCI EDUC-a       10.1002/sce.21305            125     15.62 4.673
## 15 LEONARDO Z, 2013, EQUITY EXCELL EDUC    10.1080/10665684.2013.750539 114      9.50 1.344
## 16 LEONARDO Z, 2013, EQUITY EXCELL EDUC-a  10.1080/10665684.2013.750539 114      9.50 1.344
## 17 BREM SK, 2003, SCI EDUC                 10.1002/sce.10105            104      4.73 2.016
## 18 BREM SK, 2003, SCI EDUC-a               10.1002/sce.10105            104      4.73 2.016
## 19 MARTIN DB, 2013, J RES MATH EDUC        NA                            92      7.67 1.084
## 20 MARTIN DB, 2013, J RES MATH EDUC-a      NA                            92      7.67 1.084
## 
## 
## Corresponding Author's Countries
## 
##           Country Articles    Freq SCP MCP MCP_Ratio
## 1  USA                 400 0.78740 392   8    0.0200
## 2  CANADA               22 0.04331  20   2    0.0909
## 3  UNITED KINGDOM       20 0.03937  20   0    0.0000
## 4  BRAZIL               16 0.03150  12   4    0.2500
## 5  CHINA                 6 0.01181   6   0    0.0000
## 6  NEW ZEALAND           6 0.01181   6   0    0.0000
## 7  SOUTH AFRICA          6 0.01181   4   2    0.3333
## 8  AUSTRALIA             4 0.00787   2   2    0.5000
## 9  FRANCE                4 0.00787   2   2    0.5000
## 10 IRELAND               4 0.00787   2   2    0.5000
## 11 SPAIN                 4 0.00787   0   4    1.0000
## 12 COLOMBIA              2 0.00394   0   2    1.0000
## 13 CYPRUS                2 0.00394   2   0    0.0000
## 14 FINLAND               2 0.00394   0   2    1.0000
## 15 ISRAEL                2 0.00394   0   2    1.0000
## 16 NETHERLANDS           2 0.00394   2   0    0.0000
## 17 RUSSIA                2 0.00394   2   0    0.0000
## 18 SAUDI ARABIA          2 0.00394   0   2    1.0000
## 19 SWEDEN                2 0.00394   0   2    1.0000
## 
## 
## SCP: Single Country Publications
## 
## MCP: Multiple Country Publications
## 
## 
## Total Citations per Country
## 
##      Country      Total Citations Average Article Citations
## 1  USA                       7718                     19.30
## 2  UNITED KINGDOM             574                     28.70
## 3  NETHERLANDS                172                     86.00
## 4  CANADA                     120                      5.45
## 5  CYPRUS                     108                     54.00
## 6  IRELAND                     64                     16.00
## 7  BRAZIL                      60                      3.75
## 8  AUSTRALIA                   50                     12.50
## 9  FRANCE                      46                     11.50
## 10 SOUTH AFRICA                24                      4.00
## 11 COLOMBIA                    22                     11.00
## 12 CHINA                       20                      3.33
## 13 ISRAEL                      20                     10.00
## 14 SPAIN                       20                      5.00
## 15 NEW ZEALAND                 16                      2.67
## 16 FINLAND                      8                      4.00
## 17 SAUDI ARABIA                 2                      1.00
## 18 SWEDEN                       2                      1.00
## 19 RUSSIA                       0                      0.00
## 
## 
## Most Relevant Sources
## 
##                                                      Sources        Articles
## 1  CULTURAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION                                  30
## 2  RACE ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION                                           24
## 3  JOURNAL OF DIVERSITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION                               20
## 4  SCIENCE EDUCATION                                                      20
## 5  JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION                                          18
## 6  JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING             18
## 7  ACADEMIC MEDICINE                                                      16
## 8  FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION                                                 14
## 9  TEACHERS COLLEGE RECORD                                                14
## 10 CBE-LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION                                            12
## 11 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING                                12
## 12 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION                                   12
## 13 ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTING EDUCATION                                10
## 14 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE MATHEMATICS AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION       10
## 15 EQUITY & EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION                                       10
## 16 AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER                                                8
## 17 AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL                                   8
## 18 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM EDUCATION                                 8
## 19 COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION                                               6
## 20 EDUCATION SCIENCES                                                      6
## 
## 
## Most Relevant Keywords
## 
##    Author Keywords (DE)      Articles Keywords-Plus (ID)     Articles
## 1    RACE                          68   RACE                      114
## 2    RACISM                        64   STUDENTS                   98
## 3    CRITICAL RACE THEORY          56   EDUCATION                  90
## 4    EQUITY                        44   SCIENCE                    72
## 5    STEM                          32   EXPERIENCES                70
## 6    HIGHER EDUCATION              26   WOMEN                      54
## 7    DIVERSITY                     24   COLOR                      52
## 8    INTERSECTIONALITY             24   GENDER                     50
## 9    SCIENCE EDUCATION             22   CRITICAL RACE THEORY       42
## 10   SOCIAL JUSTICE                20   DIVERSITY                  40
## 11   TEACHER EDUCATION             20   IDENTITY                   34
## 12   GENDER                        18   MATHEMATICS                34
## 13   MATHEMATICS EDUCATION         14   EQUITY                     26
## 14   QUALITATIVE RESEARCH          14   RACISM                     26
## 15   STEM EDUCATION                14   SCHOOL                     26
## 16   CURRICULUM                    12   TEACHERS                   26
## 17   EDUCATION                     12   BLACK                      24
## 18   ENGINEERING                   12   KNOWLEDGE                  24
## 19   LEARNING                      12   IMPACT                     22
## 20   MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY       12   PERSISTENCE                22
plot(x=results1, k=10, pause=F)

results2 <- biblioAnalysis(M2)
summary(results2, k=20, pause=F, width=130)
## 
## 
## MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA
## 
##  Timespan                              2003 : 2023 
##  Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        78 
##  Documents                             228 
##  Annual Growth Rate %                  18.13 
##  Document Average Age                  3.44 
##  Average citations per doc             16.82 
##  Average citations per year per doc    2.83 
##  References                            6790 
##  
## DOCUMENT TYPES                     
##  article                    220 
##  article; early access      8 
##  
## DOCUMENT CONTENTS
##  Keywords Plus (ID)                    352 
##  Author's Keywords (DE)                356 
##  
## AUTHORS
##  Authors                               408 
##  Author Appearances                    834 
##  Authors of single-authored docs       28 
##  
## AUTHORS COLLABORATION
##  Single-authored docs                  56 
##  Documents per Author                  0.559 
##  Co-Authors per Doc                    3.66 
##  International co-authorships %        7.018 
##  
## 
## Annual Scientific Production
## 
##  Year    Articles
##     2003        2
##     2007        4
##     2009        2
##     2012        2
##     2013        2
##     2014        2
##     2015       10
##     2016        2
##     2019       14
##     2020       18
##     2021       46
##     2022       68
##     2023       56
## 
## Annual Percentage Growth Rate 18.13 
## 
## 
## Most Productive Authors
## 
##       Authors        Articles Authors        Articles Fractionalized
## 1  ROGERS LO                6  BINGAMAN KA                         2
## 2  BARBARIN O               4  CAUSADIAS JM                        2
## 3  CASSIDY J                4  CLOUGH PT                           2
## 4  GRAHAM JR                4  DANIELS J                           2
## 5  PINEDO AC                4  FAHNERT B                           2
## 6  ROEMER L                 4  GILBERT SF                          2
## 7  STERN JA                 4  GRIFFITH EEH                        2
## 8  TRAYLOR-KNOWLES N        4  HUNT JM                             2
## 9  ABRAMS B                 2  KASUN P                             2
## 10 ADAMS DM                 2  KOELSCH S                           2
## 11 AINSWORTH T              2  LANGFORD GM                         2
## 12 AKDAS Y                  2  MILLER PK                           2
## 13 AL-SUWAIDI M             2  MUÑOZ-LABOY M                       2
## 14 ALDANA A                 2  MURRY VM                            2
## 15 ALEXANDER AA             2  O'HARA RM                           2
## 16 ALIMOHAMED MZ            2  OZIAS ML                            2
## 17 ALMONTE J                2  PEIFER M                            2
## 18 ALVAREZ L                2  SALZANO FM                          2
## 19 ANDERSON J               2  SEATON EK                           2
## 20 ANDERSON ML              2  SMITH K                             2
## 
## 
## Top manuscripts per citations
## 
##                                    Paper                                         DOI  TC TCperYear  NTC
## 1  BRONDOLO E, 2009, J BEHAV MED                  10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3          573     35.81 1.00
## 2  BRONDOLO E, 2009, J BEHAV MED-a                10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3          573     35.81 1.00
## 3  CONSTANTINE MG, 2007, J COUNS PSYCHOL          10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.142         184     10.22 1.97
## 4  CONSTANTINE MG, 2007, J COUNS PSYCHOL-a        10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.142         184     10.22 1.97
## 5  PRATES MOR, 2020, NEURAL COMPUT APPL           10.1007/s00521-019-04144-6         102     20.40 5.56
## 6  PRATES MOR, 2020, NEURAL COMPUT APPL-a         10.1007/s00521-019-04144-6         102     20.40 5.56
## 7  DAVIES SW, 2021, PLOS BIOL                     10.1371/journal.pbio.3001282        89     22.25 5.49
## 8  DAVIES SW, 2021, PLOS BIOL-a                   10.1371/journal.pbio.3001282        89     22.25 5.49
## 9  PHELPS EA, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA              10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00150-1       76      3.45 1.00
## 10 PHELPS EA, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA-a            10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00150-1       76      3.45 1.00
## 11 ROGERS LO, 2021, HUM DEV                       10.1159/000519630                   59     14.75 3.64
## 12 ROGERS LO, 2021, HUM DEV-a                     10.1159/000519630                   59     14.75 3.64
## 13 VOLPE VV, 2019, TRANSL ISS PSYCH SCI           10.1037/tps0000205                  45      7.50 2.39
## 14 VOLPE VV, 2019, TRANSL ISS PSYCH SCI-a         10.1037/tps0000205                  45      7.50 2.39
## 15 STERN JA, 2022, ATTACH HUM DEV                 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933       41     13.67 5.55
## 16 STERN JA, 2022, ATTACH HUM DEV-a-b             10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933       41     13.67 5.55
## 17 CASTRO-RAMIREZ F, 2021, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC   10.1080/15374416.2021.1941058       40     10.00 2.47
## 18 CASTRO-RAMIREZ F, 2021, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC-a 10.1080/15374416.2021.1941058       40     10.00 2.47
## 19 WILLIAMS MT, 2019, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL           10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.05.002  39      6.50 2.07
## 20 WILLIAMS MT, 2019, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL-a         10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.05.002  39      6.50 2.07
## 
## 
## Corresponding Author's Countries
## 
##           Country Articles    Freq SCP MCP MCP_Ratio
## 1  USA                 184 0.81416 176   8    0.0435
## 2  UNITED KINGDOM        8 0.03540   4   4    0.5000
## 3  AUSTRALIA             6 0.02655   6   0    0.0000
## 4  BRAZIL                4 0.01770   4   0    0.0000
## 5  CANADA                4 0.01770   2   2    0.5000
## 6  COLOMBIA              2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 7  DENMARK               2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 8  ECUADOR               2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 9  ETHIOPIA              2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 10 INDIA                 2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 11 IRAQ                  2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 12 NEW ZEALAND           2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 13 SOUTH AFRICA          2 0.00885   0   2    1.0000
## 14 SWITZERLAND           2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 15 TURKEY                2 0.00885   2   0    0.0000
## 
## 
## SCP: Single Country Publications
## 
## MCP: Multiple Country Publications
## 
## 
## Total Citations per Country
## 
##      Country      Total Citations Average Article Citations
## 1  USA                       3460                    18.804
## 2  BRAZIL                     210                    52.500
## 3  CANADA                      62                    15.500
## 4  UNITED KINGDOM              44                     5.500
## 5  TURKEY                      18                     9.000
## 6  ETHIOPIA                    14                     7.000
## 7  SOUTH AFRICA                 8                     4.000
## 8  DENMARK                      6                     3.000
## 9  AUSTRALIA                    4                     0.667
## 10 NEW ZEALAND                  4                     2.000
## 11 INDIA                        2                     1.000
## 12 COLOMBIA                     0                     0.000
## 13 ECUADOR                      0                     0.000
## 14 IRAQ                         0                     0.000
## 15 SWITZERLAND                  0                     0.000
## 
## 
## Most Relevant Sources
## 
##                                              Sources        Articles
## 1  JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION                                  18
## 2  JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH                                 10
## 3  JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE                              8
## 4  MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL                                   8
## 5  AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST                                   6
## 6  COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION                                       6
## 7  APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE                                   4
## 8  ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR                                     4
## 9  ATTACHMENT & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT                                  4
## 10 AUSTRALIAN COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGIST                               4
## 11 FAMILY PROCESS                                                  4
## 12 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT                                               4
## 13 JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY                              4
## 14 JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE                        4
## 15 JOURNAL OF COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY                                4
## 16 MSYSTEMS                                                        4
## 17 NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY                                         4
## 18 PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY                                             4
## 19 PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY        4
## 20 TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE                   4
## 
## 
## Most Relevant Keywords
## 
##    Author Keywords (DE)      Articles Keywords-Plus (ID)     Articles
## 1    RACISM                        44   RACE                       36
## 2    RACE                          28   DISCRIMINATION             26
## 3    ETHNICITY                     18   RACISM                     26
## 4    COVID-19                      12   EXPERIENCES                24
## 5    MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY       12   SCIENCE                    22
## 6    SOCIAL JUSTICE                12   AFRICAN-AMERICAN           20
## 7    CRITICAL RACE THEORY          10   DIVERSITY                  16
## 8    DIVERSITY                     10   HEALTH                     16
## 9    EQUITY                        10   IDENTITY                   16
## 10   INCLUSION                     10   STUDENTS                   14
## 11   CURRICULUM                     8   COLOR                      12
## 12   DISCRIMINATION                 8   GENDER                     12
## 13   ORGANIC CHEMISTRY              8   PSYCHOLOGY                 12
## 14   SYSTEMIC RACISM                8   RISK                       12
## 15   WHITENESS                      8   SOCIALIZATION              12
## 16   ADOLESCENCE                    6   WOMEN                      12
## 17   ANTI-RACISM                    6   YOUTH                      12
## 18   ANTIRACISM                     6   CRITICAL RACE THEORY       10
## 19   CULTURAL HUMILITY              6   MENTAL-HEALTH              10
## 20   EDUCATION                      6   MODEL                      10
plot(x=results2, k=10, pause=F)

Most Cited References

Results across the two samples indicate that the two disciplinary structures pull from very different sources of literature. The source of literature in the education sciences is highly concentrated whereas the literature in the STEM fields is more distributed.

Kimberlee Crenshaw’s 1993 Stanford Law Review article is the highest citation that shows up on both lists.

Researchers publishing in STEM outlets tend to not cite studies from education research. Studiens in education reserach, similarly, tend to pull from other studies in education.

CR1 <- citations(M1, field = "article", sep = ";")
cbind(CR1$Cited[1:20])
##                                                                                                                                                                                 [,1]
## LADSONBILLINGS G, 1995, TEACH COLL REC, V97, P47                                                                                                                                  66
## MARTIN DB, 2009, TEACH COLL REC, V111, P295                                                                                                                                       40
## CARLONE HB, 2007, J RES SCI TEACH, V44, P1187, DOI 10.1002/TEA.20237                                                                                                              38
## CRENSHAW K, 1993, STANFORD LAW REVIEW VOL 43, NO 6, JULY 1991, P1241                                                                                                              38
## DELGADO R., 2012, CRITICAL RACE THEORY                                                                                                                                            38
## FREIRE P., 2000, PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED                                                                                                                                        38
## SOLÓRZANO D, 2000, J NEGRO EDUC, V69, P60                                                                                                                                         38
## MCGEE EO, 2016, AM EDUC RES J, V53, P1626, DOI 10.3102/0002831216676572                                                                                                           36
## MCGEE EO, 2017, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V35, P265, DOI 10.1080/07370008.2017.1355211                                                                                                  36
## MILNER IV H. R., 2007, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER, V36, P388, DOI DOI 10.3102/0013189X07309471, 10.3102/0013189X07309471                                                              34
## YOSSO TJ, 2017, CRITICAL RACE THEORY IN EDUCATION: ALL GOD'S CHILDREN GOT A SONG, 2ND EDITION, P113                                                                               34
## BONILLA-SILVA EDUARDO, 2006, RACISM WITHOUT RACISTS: COLOR-BLIND RACISM AND THE PERSISTENCE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, V2ND, DOI DOI 10.5860/CHOICE.51.09.1531D   32
## MCGEE EO, 2011, AM EDUC RES J, V48, P1347, DOI 10.3102/0002831211423972                                                                                                           32
## ONG M, 2011, HARVARD EDUC REV, V81, P172, DOI 10.17763/HAER.81.2.T022245N7X4752V2                                                                                                 32
## LADSONBILLINGS G, 1995, AM EDUC RES J, V32, P465, DOI 10.3102/00028312032003465                                                                                                   30
## SALDAA J., 2009, THE CODING MANUAL FOR QUALITATIVE RESEARCHERS, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004                                                                              30
## KENDI IBRAM X., 2019, BE ANTIRACIST                                                                                                                                               28
## ONG M, 2018, J RES SCI TEACH, V55, P206, DOI 10.1002/TEA.21417                                                                                                                    28
## SOLORZANO DANIEL G., 2002, QUALITATIVE INQUIRY, V8, P23                                                                                                                           28
## SUE DW, 2007, AM PSYCHOL, V62, P271, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271                                                                                                               28
CR2 <- citations(M2, field = "article", sep = ";")
cbind(CR2$Cited[1:20])
##                                                                                                                                                                                 [,1]
## STEELE CM, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P613, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613                                                                                                            18
## BONILLA-SILVA EDUARDO, 2006, RACISM WITHOUT RACISTS: COLOR-BLIND RACISM AND THE PERSISTENCE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, V2ND, DOI DOI 10.5860/CHOICE.51.09.1531D   16
## CLARK R, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P805, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805                                                                                                             16
## COLL CG, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1891, DOI 10.2307/1131600                                                                                                                         16
## HARRELL SP, 2000, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V70, P42, DOI 10.1037/H0087722                                                                                                              16
## KENDI IBRAM X., 2019, BE ANTIRACIST                                                                                                                                               16
## ROBERTS SO, 2020, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V15, P1295, DOI 10.1177/1745691620927709                                                                                                  16
## CRENSHAW K, 1993, STANFORD LAW REVIEW VOL 43, NO 6, JULY 1991, P1241                                                                                                              14
## SUE DW, 2007, AM PSYCHOL, V62, P271, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271                                                                                                               14
## SMEDLEY A, 2005, AM PSYCHOL, V60, P16, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.60.1.16                                                                                                              12
## UMAÑA-TAYLOR AJ, 2014, CHILD DEV, V85, P21, DOI 10.1111/CDEV.12196                                                                                                                12
## BARBER PH, 2020, SCIENCE, V369, P1440, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABD7140                                                                                                                10
## CRENSHAW K., 1989, UNIV CHICAGO LEG FOR, V1989, P139, DOI DOI 10.4324/9780429500480-5                                                                                             10
## KENDI IBRAM X., 2016, STAMPED FROM THE BEGINNING: THE DEFINITIVE HISTORY OF RACIST IDEAS IN AMERICA                                                                               10
## PARADIES Y, 2015, PLOS ONE, V10, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0138511                                                                                                                 10
## SEATON EK, 2018, AM PSYCHOL, V73, P768, DOI 10.1037/AMP0000315                                                                                                                    10
## SOLÓRZANO D, 2000, J NEGRO EDUC, V69, P60                                                                                                                                         10
## SOLORZANO DANIEL G., 2002, QUALITATIVE INQUIRY, V8, P23                                                                                                                           10
## BAILEY ZD, 2017, LANCET, V389, P1453, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X                                                                                                            8
## BONILLASILVA E, 1997, AM SOCIOL REV, V62, P465, DOI 10.2307/2657316                                                                                                                8

Intellectual Structure

Co-citation analysis

NetMatrix1 <- biblioNetwork(M1, analysis = "co-citation", network = "references", sep = ";")
net1=networkPlot(NetMatrix1, n = 50, Title = "Co-Citation Network", type = "fruchterman", size.cex=TRUE, size=14, remove.multiple=T, labelsize=1,edgesize = 7, edges.min=4)

NetMatrix2 <- biblioNetwork(M2, analysis = "co-citation", network = "references", sep = ";")
net2=networkPlot(NetMatrix2, n = 50, Title = "Co-Citation Network", type = "fruchterman", size.cex=TRUE, size=14, remove.multiple=T, labelsize=1,edgesize = 7, edges.min=4)

Descriptive analysis of co-citation network characteristics

netstat1 <- networkStat(NetMatrix1)
summary(netstat1,k=20)
## 
## 
## Main statistics about the network
## 
##  Size                                  12688 
##  Density                               0.007 
##  Transitivity                          0.533 
##  Diameter                              6 
##  Degree Centralization                 0.182 
##  Average path length                   2.842 
## 
netstat2 <- networkStat(NetMatrix2)
summary(netstat2,k=20)
## 
## 
## Main statistics about the network
## 
##  Size                                  6756 
##  Density                               0.015 
##  Transitivity                          0.85 
##  Diameter                              7 
##  Degree Centralization                 0.109 
##  Average path length                   3.227 
## 

Journal (source) co-citation analysis

M1=metaTagExtraction(M1,"CR_SO",sep=";")
NetMatrix1 <- biblioNetwork(M1, analysis = "co-citation", network = "sources", sep = ";")
net1=networkPlot(NetMatrix1, n = 30, Title = "Co-Citation Network", type = "auto", size.cex=TRUE, size=15, remove.multiple=FALSE, labelsize=1,edgesize = 10, edges.min=5)

M2=metaTagExtraction(M2,"CR_SO",sep=";")
NetMatrix2 <- biblioNetwork(M2, analysis = "co-citation", network = "sources", sep = ";")
net2=networkPlot(NetMatrix2, n = 30, Title = "Co-Citation Network", type = "auto", size.cex=TRUE, size=15, remove.multiple=FALSE, labelsize=1,edgesize = 10, edges.min=5)

Historiograph

histResults1 <- histNetwork(M1, sep = ";")
## 
## WOS DB:
## Searching local citations (LCS) by reference items (SR) and DOIs...
## 
## Analyzing 31492 reference items...
## 
## Found 118 documents with no empty Local Citations (LCS)
options(width = 130)
net1 <- histPlot(histResults1, n=20, size = 5, labelsize = 4)

## 
##  Legend
## 
##                                                                             Label
## 1                      MCGEE EO, 2011, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831211423972
## 2                      MCGEE EO, 2011, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831211423972
## 3                          JOHNSON A, 2011, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.20411
## 4                          JOHNSON A, 2011, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.20411
## 5                         MCCOY DL, 2015, J DIVERS HIGH EDUC DOI 10.1037/A0038676
## 6                         MCCOY DL, 2015, J DIVERS HIGH EDUC DOI 10.1037/A0038676
## 7                           BROWN BA, 2016, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21249
## 8                           BROWN BA, 2016, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21249
## 9                      MCGEE EO, 2016, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831216676572
## 10                     MCGEE EO, 2016, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831216676572
## 11          LARKIN DB, 2016, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721
## 12          LARKIN DB, 2016, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721
## 13                          MORALES-DOYLE D, 2017, SCI EDUC DOI 10.1002/SCE.21305
## 14                          MORALES-DOYLE D, 2017, SCI EDUC DOI 10.1002/SCE.21305
## 15            SPARKS DM, 2018, J SCI TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1080/1046560X.2018.1436359
## 16            SPARKS DM, 2018, J SCI TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1080/1046560X.2018.1436359
## 17          PARSONS ERC, 2018, CULT STUD SCI EDUCAT DOI 10.1007/S11422-016-9774-0
## 18          PARSONS ERC, 2018, CULT STUD SCI EDUCAT DOI 10.1007/S11422-016-9774-0
## 19   MORALES-DOYLE D, 2019, RACE ETHNIC EDUC-UK DOI 10.1080/13613324.2019.1592840
## 20   MORALES-DOYLE D, 2019, RACE ETHNIC EDUC-UK DOI 10.1080/13613324.2019.1592840
## 21                                 SHETH MJ, 2019, SCI EDUC DOI 10.1002/SCE.21450
## 22                                 SHETH MJ, 2019, SCI EDUC DOI 10.1002/SCE.21450
## 23                    MENSAH FM, 2019, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831218818093
## 24                    MENSAH FM, 2019, AM EDUC RES J DOI 10.3102/0002831218818093
## 25                   MCGEE EO, 2020, EDUC RESEARCHER DOI 10.3102/0013189X20972718
## 26                   MCGEE EO, 2020, EDUC RESEARCHER DOI 10.3102/0013189X20972718
## 27                  LEE MGJ, 2020, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-020-00241-4
## 28                  LEE MGJ, 2020, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-020-00241-4
## 29                        SHAH N, 2020, J TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1177/0022487119900204
## 30                        SHAH N, 2020, J TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1177/0022487119900204
## 31                  DANCY M, 2020, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-020-00250-3
## 32                  DANCY M, 2020, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-020-00250-3
## 33                       VAN DUSEN B, 2020, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21584
## 34                       VAN DUSEN B, 2020, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21584
## 35          MADKINS TC, 2021, CAN J SCI MATH TECHN DOI 10.1007/S42330-021-00159-1
## 36          MADKINS TC, 2021, CAN J SCI MATH TECHN DOI 10.1007/S42330-021-00159-1
## 37 NISSEN JM, 2021, PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R DOI 10.1103/PHYSREVPHYSEDUCRES.17.010116
## 38 NISSEN JM, 2021, PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R DOI 10.1103/PHYSREVPHYSEDUCRES.17.010116
## 39    MORALES-DOYLE D, 2021, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421
## 40    MORALES-DOYLE D, 2021, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421
## 41                  ALLEN D, 2022, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-022-00334-2
## 42                  ALLEN D, 2022, INT J STEM EDUC DOI 10.1186/S40594-022-00334-2
## 43                MCNEILL RT, 2022, J LEARN SCI DOI 10.1080/10508406.2022.2073233
## 44                MCNEILL RT, 2022, J LEARN SCI DOI 10.1080/10508406.2022.2073233
## 45                      RUSSO-TAIT T, 2022, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21775
## 46                      RUSSO-TAIT T, 2022, J RES SCI TEACH DOI 10.1002/TEA.21775
## 47            MORTON TR, 2022, J SCI TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1080/1046560X.2021.2008096
## 48            MORTON TR, 2022, J SCI TEACH EDUC DOI 10.1080/1046560X.2021.2008096
## 49                    KING GP, 2023, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC DOI 10.1187/CBE.22-06-0104
## 50                    KING GP, 2023, CBE-LIFE SCI EDUC DOI 10.1187/CBE.22-06-0104
##                                                                                                                                                                  Author_Keywords
## 1                                                        RACIAL STEREOTYPES; IDENTITY; MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION; BLACK STUDENTS; HIGHER EDUCATION; HIGH ACHIEVEMENT
## 2                                                        RACIAL STEREOTYPES; IDENTITY; MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION; BLACK STUDENTS; HIGHER EDUCATION; HIGH ACHIEVEMENT
## 3                                                                                                                     DIVERSITY; EQUITY; FEMINISM; GENDER/EQUITY; SOCIAL JUSTICE
## 4                                                                                                                     DIVERSITY; EQUITY; FEMINISM; GENDER/EQUITY; SOCIAL JUSTICE
## 5                                                                                                                                COLORBLIND RACISM; MENTORING; STUDENTS OF COLOR
## 6                                                                                                                                COLORBLIND RACISM; MENTORING; STUDENTS OF COLOR
## 7                                                                                                           AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SCIENCE IDENTITY; MATRICULATION; ACCESS TO SCIENCE
## 8                                                                                                           AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SCIENCE IDENTITY; MATRICULATION; ACCESS TO SCIENCE
## 9                                                                    STEREOTYPE MANAGEMENT; STEM STUDENTS OF COLOR; RACIAL HOSTILITY IN ACADEMIA; STEM RACIAL GAP; CULTURAL BIAS
## 10                                                                   STEREOTYPE MANAGEMENT; STEM STUDENTS OF COLOR; RACIAL HOSTILITY IN ACADEMIA; STEM RACIAL GAP; CULTURAL BIAS
## 11                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 12                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 13                                                              CRITICAL PEDAGOGY; CULTURALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE; EQUITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION; SECONDARY CHEMISTRY; SOCIAL JUSTICE
## 14                                                              CRITICAL PEDAGOGY; CULTURALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE; EQUITY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION; SECONDARY CHEMISTRY; SOCIAL JUSTICE
## 15                                                                                                         AFRICAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; FEMINISM; IDENTITY; INTERSECTIONALITY; STEM
## 16                                                                                                         AFRICAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; FEMINISM; IDENTITY; INTERSECTIONALITY; STEM
## 17                                                                                              SCIENCE EDUCATION; BLACK FACULTY; RACISM; HIGHER EDUCATION; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 18                                                                                              SCIENCE EDUCATION; BLACK FACULTY; RACISM; HIGHER EDUCATION; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 19                                                                                                      RACISM; CAPITALISM; MATHEMATICS; SCIENCE; STEM; NEOLIBERALISM; EDUCATION
## 20                                                                                                      RACISM; CAPITALISM; MATHEMATICS; SCIENCE; STEM; NEOLIBERALISM; EDUCATION
## 21                                                                                                          CRITICAL RACE THEORY; EQUITY; PRACTICES; SCIENCE TEACHING; SECONDARY
## 22                                                                                                          CRITICAL RACE THEORY; EQUITY; PRACTICES; SCIENCE TEACHING; SECONDARY
## 23                                                                              CRITICAL RACE THEORY; TEACHER EDUCATION; TEACHERS OF COLOR; SCIENCE EDUCATION; INTERSECTIONALITY
## 24                                                                              CRITICAL RACE THEORY; TEACHER EDUCATION; TEACHERS OF COLOR; SCIENCE EDUCATION; INTERSECTIONALITY
## 25 CULTURAL ANALYSIS; DISPARITIES; DOCTORAL; ENGINEERING EDUCATION; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; HBCUS; HIGHER EDUCATION; MENTORING; MINORITIZED; RACE; STEM; STRUCTURAL RACISM; TECHNOLOGY
## 26 CULTURAL ANALYSIS; DISPARITIES; DOCTORAL; ENGINEERING EDUCATION; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; HBCUS; HIGHER EDUCATION; MENTORING; MINORITIZED; RACE; STEM; STRUCTURAL RACISM; TECHNOLOGY
## 27                                                                                      RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS; HIGHER EDUCATION; STEM; EDUCATIONAL SETTING; DIVERSITY CONCERNS
## 28                                                                                      RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS; HIGHER EDUCATION; STEM; EDUCATIONAL SETTING; DIVERSITY CONCERNS
## 29                                                                                                                  RACE; PRESERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION; TEACHER NOTICING; EQUITY
## 30                                                                                                                  RACE; PRESERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION; TEACHER NOTICING; EQUITY
## 31                                                                                                                            RACE; GENDER; UNDERGRADUATES; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
## 32                                                                                                                            RACE; GENDER; UNDERGRADUATES; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
## 33                                       CRITICAL QUANTITATIVE INTERSECTIONALITY; EQUALITY; EQUITY; GENDER; HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL; HIGHER EDUCATION; LEARNING; PHYSICS; RACE
## 34                                       CRITICAL QUANTITATIVE INTERSECTIONALITY; EQUALITY; EQUITY; GENDER; HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL; HIGHER EDUCATION; LEARNING; PHYSICS; RACE
## 35                                                                                    ANTI-BLACKNESS; ANTI-RACIST TEACHING; EQUITY; POLITICAL CLARITY; ELEMENTARY STEM EDUCATION
## 36                                                                                    ANTI-BLACKNESS; ANTI-RACIST TEACHING; EQUITY; POLITICAL CLARITY; ELEMENTARY STEM EDUCATION
## 37                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 38                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 39                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 40                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 41                                                                                                     BLACK; MINORITY; WOMEN; STEM; COMMUNITY COLLEGE; TRANSFER; RACISM; SEXISM
## 42                                                                                                     BLACK; MINORITY; WOMEN; STEM; COMMUNITY COLLEGE; TRANSFER; RACISM; SEXISM
## 43                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 44                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 45                                                                     COLLEGE SCIENCE FACULTY; COLOR-BLIND RACISM; CRITICAL RACIAL CONSCIOUSNESS; RACIALLY MINORITIZED STUDENTS
## 46                                                                     COLLEGE SCIENCE FACULTY; COLOR-BLIND RACISM; CRITICAL RACIAL CONSCIOUSNESS; RACIALLY MINORITIZED STUDENTS
## 47                                                                                          BLACK STUDENTS; K-12 SCIENCE TEACHING; TEACHER EDUCATION; LIBERATION; ANTI-BLACKNESS
## 48                                                                                          BLACK STUDENTS; K-12 SCIENCE TEACHING; TEACHER EDUCATION; LIBERATION; ANTI-BLACKNESS
## 49                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 50                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
##                                                                                                                                                          KeywordsPlus
## 1                        CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS; TEST-PERFORMANCE; THREAT; IDENTITY; ACHIEVEMENT; EDUCATION; COLLEGE; GENDER
## 2                        CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS; TEST-PERFORMANCE; THREAT; IDENTITY; ACHIEVEMENT; EDUCATION; COLLEGE; GENDER
## 3                                         DISCURSIVE IDENTITY; FRAMEWORK; STUDENTS; PHYSICS; PARTICIPATION; CONSTRUCTION; EXPERIENCES; DISCOURSE; EDUCATION; LITERACY
## 4                                         DISCURSIVE IDENTITY; FRAMEWORK; STUDENTS; PHYSICS; PARTICIPATION; CONSTRUCTION; EXPERIENCES; DISCOURSE; EDUCATION; LITERACY
## 5                                                                                   COLLEGE-STUDENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; GENDER; RACE; PERCEPTIONS; EXPERIENCES; WOMEN
## 6                                                                                   COLLEGE-STUDENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; GENDER; RACE; PERCEPTIONS; EXPERIENCES; WOMEN
## 7                                                                                                                                  EXPERIENCES; PERSISTENCE; STUDENTS
## 8                                                                                                                                  EXPERIENCES; PERSISTENCE; STUDENTS
## 9                                 CRITICAL RACE THEORY; STEREOTYPE THREAT; SCIENCE; EXPERIENCES; EDUCATION; MICROAGGRESSIONS; MATHEMATICS; DIVERSITY; STUDENTS; COLOR
## 10                                CRITICAL RACE THEORY; STEREOTYPE THREAT; SCIENCE; EXPERIENCES; EDUCATION; MICROAGGRESSIONS; MATHEMATICS; DIVERSITY; STUDENTS; COLOR
## 11                                              EDUCATING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS; INQUIRY; BIOLOGY; RACISM; CONCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; IDEOLOGY; IDENTITY; POVERTY; DESIGN
## 12                                              EDUCATING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS; INQUIRY; BIOLOGY; RACISM; CONCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; IDEOLOGY; IDENTITY; POVERTY; DESIGN
## 13                                                                                                                                                          EDUCATION
## 14                                                                                                                                                          EDUCATION
## 15                                                                                                          RACE; GENDER; WOMEN; STUDENTS; COLOR; COMMUNITY; MOVEMENT
## 16                                                                                                          RACE; GENDER; WOMEN; STUDENTS; COLOR; COMMUNITY; MOVEMENT
## 17                                                   CAMPUS RACIAL CLIMATE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; FACULTY; MICROAGGRESSIONS; SATISFACTION; EDUCATION; COLLEGES; WORKLIFE
## 18                                                   CAMPUS RACIAL CLIMATE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; FACULTY; MICROAGGRESSIONS; SATISFACTION; EDUCATION; COLLEGES; WORKLIFE
## 19                                                                                                                                                        MATHEMATICS
## 20                                                                                                                                                        MATHEMATICS
## 21                      CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AMERICAN STUDENTS; MINORITY-STUDENTS; EDUCATION; EQUITY; MATHEMATICS; DIVERSITY; PERSPECTIVES; ACHIEVEMENT; PERSISTENCE
## 22                      CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AMERICAN STUDENTS; MINORITY-STUDENTS; EDUCATION; EQUITY; MATHEMATICS; DIVERSITY; PERSPECTIVES; ACHIEVEMENT; PERSISTENCE
## 23                                                                               COLOR; PRESERVICE; WHITENESS; STUDENTS; MATHEMATICS; EXPERIENCES; IDENTITY; POLICIES
## 24                                                                               COLOR; PRESERVICE; WHITENESS; STUDENTS; MATHEMATICS; EXPERIENCES; IDENTITY; POLICIES
## 25                                                                 MATHEMATICS EDUCATION; COLOR; BLACK; RACE; SCIENCE; IDENTITY; STUDENTS; HEALTH; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES
## 26                                                                 MATHEMATICS EDUCATION; COLOR; BLACK; RACE; SCIENCE; IDENTITY; STUDENTS; HEALTH; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES
## 27 AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS; CRITICAL RACE THEORY; PREDOMINANTLY WHITE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; EXPERIENCES; CLIMATE; COLOR; STEREOTYPE; OPPORTUNITIES
## 28 AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS; CRITICAL RACE THEORY; PREDOMINANTLY WHITE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; EXPERIENCES; CLIMATE; COLOR; STEREOTYPE; OPPORTUNITIES
## 29                                                        RACIAL IDENTITY; DIVERSITY; PARTICIPATION; ATTITUDES; IDEOLOGY; COLOR; EDUCATION; CHILDREN; CULTURE; EQUITY
## 30                                                        RACIAL IDENTITY; DIVERSITY; PARTICIPATION; ATTITUDES; IDEOLOGY; COLOR; EDUCATION; CHILDREN; CULTURE; EQUITY
## 31                                                                                                                                  DOUBLE BIND; SCIENCE; WOMEN; RACE
## 32                                                                                                                                  DOUBLE BIND; SCIENCE; WOMEN; RACE
## 33                                                                                                                                                             GENDER
## 34                                                                                                                                                             GENDER
## 35                                                                                                            CRITICAL RACE THEORY; PEDAGOGY; STORIES; EQUITY; AGENCY
## 36                                                                                                            CRITICAL RACE THEORY; PEDAGOGY; STORIES; EQUITY; AGENCY
## 37                                                                              COLORADO LEARNING ATTITUDES; SELF-EFFICACY; WOMEN; GENDER; MODEL; IMPUTATION; BELIEFS
## 38                                                                              COLORADO LEARNING ATTITUDES; SELF-EFFICACY; WOMEN; GENDER; MODEL; IMPUTATION; BELIEFS
## 39                                                                              CRITICAL RACE; AGENCY; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; RELEVANCE; PEDAGOGY; STUDENTS; CRITIQUE
## 40                                                                              CRITICAL RACE; AGENCY; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; RELEVANCE; PEDAGOGY; STUDENTS; CRITIQUE
## 41               FEMALE TRANSFER STUDENTS; HIGHER-EDUCATION; TRANSFER SHOCK; ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE; CHILLY CLIMATE; DOUBLE BIND; COLOR; GENDER; SCIENCE; UNDERGRADUATE
## 42               FEMALE TRANSFER STUDENTS; HIGHER-EDUCATION; TRANSFER SHOCK; ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE; CHILLY CLIMATE; DOUBLE BIND; COLOR; GENDER; SCIENCE; UNDERGRADUATE
## 43                                    CRITICAL RACE THEORY; MATHEMATICS; PERSISTENCE; IDENTITIES; BLACK; OPPORTUNITIES; PERCEPTIONS; EXPERIENCES; EDUCATION; IDEOLOGY
## 44                                    CRITICAL RACE THEORY; MATHEMATICS; PERSISTENCE; IDENTITIES; BLACK; OPPORTUNITIES; PERCEPTIONS; EXPERIENCES; EDUCATION; IDEOLOGY
## 45                                                               STUDENTS; WOMEN; RACE; UNDERGRADUATE; EDUCATION; RACISM; GAPS; ACHIEVEMENT; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE
## 46                                                               STUDENTS; WOMEN; RACE; UNDERGRADUATE; EDUCATION; RACISM; GAPS; ACHIEVEMENT; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE
## 47                                                                    RACE; STEM; EQUITY; CONSTRUCTION; MATHEMATICS; AMERICANS; PIPELINE; IDENTITY; STUDENTS; JUSTICE
## 48                                                                    RACE; STEM; EQUITY; CONSTRUCTION; MATHEMATICS; AMERICANS; PIPELINE; IDENTITY; STUDENTS; JUSTICE
## 49                                                                      HIGHER-EDUCATION; RACISM; COLOR; MATHEMATICS; STUDENTS; EXPERIENCES; IDEOLOGY; CLIMATE; WOMEN
## 50                                                                      HIGHER-EDUCATION; RACISM; COLOR; MATHEMATICS; STUDENTS; EXPERIENCES; IDEOLOGY; CLIMATE; WOMEN
##                                     DOI Year LCS GCS
## 1              10.3102/0002831211423972 2011  32 289
## 2              10.3102/0002831211423972 2011  32 289
## 3                     10.1002/tea.20411 2011   8 146
## 4                     10.1002/tea.20411 2011   8 146
## 5                      10.1037/a0038676 2015  12  79
## 6                      10.1037/a0038676 2015  12  79
## 7                     10.1002/tea.21249 2016  10  59
## 8                     10.1002/tea.21249 2016  10  59
## 9              10.3102/0002831216676572 2016  36 193
## 10             10.3102/0002831216676572 2016  36 193
## 11        10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721 2016  10  17
## 12        10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721 2016  10  17
## 13                    10.1002/sce.21305 2017  14 125
## 14                    10.1002/sce.21305 2017  14 125
## 15        10.1080/1046560X.2018.1436359 2018   4   6
## 16        10.1080/1046560X.2018.1436359 2018   4   6
## 17            10.1007/s11422-016-9774-0 2018   4   9
## 18            10.1007/s11422-016-9774-0 2018   4   9
## 19        10.1080/13613324.2019.1592840 2019   4  25
## 20        10.1080/13613324.2019.1592840 2019   4  25
## 21                    10.1002/sce.21450 2019  24  56
## 22                    10.1002/sce.21450 2019  24  56
## 23             10.3102/0002831218818093 2019  12  40
## 24             10.3102/0002831218818093 2019  12  40
## 25             10.3102/0013189X20972718 2020  24 171
## 26             10.3102/0013189X20972718 2020  24 171
## 27           10.1186/s40594-020-00241-4 2020   6  54
## 28           10.1186/s40594-020-00241-4 2020   6  54
## 29             10.1177/0022487119900204 2020   6  56
## 30             10.1177/0022487119900204 2020   6  56
## 31           10.1186/s40594-020-00250-3 2020   4  18
## 32           10.1186/s40594-020-00250-3 2020   4  18
## 33                    10.1002/tea.21584 2020   6  44
## 34                    10.1002/tea.21584 2020   6  44
## 35           10.1007/s42330-021-00159-1 2021   8  22
## 36           10.1007/s42330-021-00159-1 2021   8  22
## 37 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.17.010116 2021   4  27
## 38 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.17.010116 2021   4  27
## 39        10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421 2021   6  22
## 40        10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421 2021   6  22
## 41           10.1186/s40594-022-00334-2 2022   4  11
## 42           10.1186/s40594-022-00334-2 2022   4  11
## 43        10.1080/10508406.2022.2073233 2022   4   4
## 44        10.1080/10508406.2022.2073233 2022   4   4
## 45                    10.1002/tea.21775 2022   4  11
## 46                    10.1002/tea.21775 2022   4  11
## 47        10.1080/1046560X.2021.2008096 2022   4  16
## 48        10.1080/1046560X.2021.2008096 2022   4  16
## 49               10.1187/cbe.22-06-0104 2023   4  10
## 50               10.1187/cbe.22-06-0104 2023   4  10
histResults2 <- histNetwork(M2, sep = ";")
## 
## WOS DB:
## Searching local citations (LCS) by reference items (SR) and DOIs...
## 
## Analyzing 14850 reference items...
## 
## Found 32 documents with no empty Local Citations (LCS)
options(width = 130)
net2 <- histPlot(histResults2, n=20, size = 5, labelsize = 4)

## 
##  Legend
## 
##                                                                          Label
## 1                  BRONDOLO E, 2009, J BEHAV MED DOI 10.1007/S10865-008-9190-3
## 2                  BRONDOLO E, 2009, J BEHAV MED DOI 10.1007/S10865-008-9190-3
## 3            WEST LM, 2013, J CONTEXT BEHAV SCI DOI 10.1016/J.JCBS.2013.03.003
## 4            WEST LM, 2013, J CONTEXT BEHAV SCI DOI 10.1016/J.JCBS.2013.03.003
## 5          GRAHAM JR, 2015, J CONTEXT BEHAV SCI DOI 10.1016/J.JCBS.2014.11.001
## 6          GRAHAM JR, 2015, J CONTEXT BEHAV SCI DOI 10.1016/J.JCBS.2014.11.001
## 7        LARKIN DB, 2016, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721
## 8        LARKIN DB, 2016, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721
## 9            BARBARIN OA, 2020, APPL DEV SCI DOI 10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880
## 10           BARBARIN OA, 2020, APPL DEV SCI DOI 10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880
## 11                 CLARK GA, 2020, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.9B00408
## 12                 CLARK GA, 2020, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.9B00408
## 13            KORNBLUH M, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211031450
## 14            KORNBLUH M, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211031450
## 15                              ROGERS LO, 2021, HUM DEV DOI 10.1159/000519630
## 16                              ROGERS LO, 2021, HUM DEV DOI 10.1159/000519630
## 17              ALDANA A, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211043289
## 18              ALDANA A, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211043289
## 19                FINE M, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211034873
## 20                FINE M, 2021, J ADOLESCENT RES DOI 10.1177/07435584211034873
## 21 MORALES-DOYLE D, 2021, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421
## 22 MORALES-DOYLE D, 2021, COGNITION INSTRUCT DOI 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421
## 23                   SEATON EK, 2022, J RES ADOLESCENCE DOI 10.1111/JORA.12783
## 24                   SEATON EK, 2022, J RES ADOLESCENCE DOI 10.1111/JORA.12783
## 25                   MOFFITT U, 2022, J RES ADOLESCENCE DOI 10.1111/JORA.12645
## 26                   MOFFITT U, 2022, J RES ADOLESCENCE DOI 10.1111/JORA.12645
## 27            STERN JA, 2022, ATTACH HUM DEV DOI 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933
## 28            STERN JA, 2022, ATTACH HUM DEV DOI 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933
## 29                HOLLOND C, 2022, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.1C00382
## 30                HOLLOND C, 2022, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.1C00382
## 31                                     PIERSON AM, 2022, COGN BEHAV PRACT DOI 
## 32                                     PIERSON AM, 2022, COGN BEHAV PRACT DOI 
## 33                           COOPER SM, 2022, CHILD DEV DOI 10.1111/CDEV.13783
## 34                           COOPER SM, 2022, CHILD DEV DOI 10.1111/CDEV.13783
## 35                  DUSEN B, 2022, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.1C00352
## 36                  DUSEN B, 2022, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.1C00352
## 37                       BELIZAIRE S, 2023, FAM PROCESS DOI 10.1111/FAMP.12951
## 38                       BELIZAIRE S, 2023, FAM PROCESS DOI 10.1111/FAMP.12951
## 39                SUNASEE R, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.3C00528
## 40                SUNASEE R, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.3C00528
## 41                 KING DD, 2023, J BUS PSYCHOL DOI 10.1007/S10869-022-09804-4
## 42                 KING DD, 2023, J BUS PSYCHOL DOI 10.1007/S10869-022-09804-4
## 43                     YU A, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.2C00755
## 44                     YU A, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.2C00755
## 45                RUGGS EN, 2023, J BUS PSYCHOL DOI 10.1007/S10869-022-09855-7
## 46                RUGGS EN, 2023, J BUS PSYCHOL DOI 10.1007/S10869-022-09855-7
## 47                SATTERTHWAITE-FREIMAN M, 2023, HUM DEV DOI 10.1159/000534965
## 48                SATTERTHWAITE-FREIMAN M, 2023, HUM DEV DOI 10.1159/000534965
## 49                 TORRES D, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.3C00193
## 50                 TORRES D, 2023, J CHEM EDUC DOI 10.1021/ACS.JCHEMED.3C00193
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Author_Keywords
## 1                                                                                                                                                                                           ETHNICITY; HEALTH DISPARITIES; RACE; RACISM; HEALTH
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                           ETHNICITY; HEALTH DISPARITIES; RACE; RACISM; HEALTH
## 3                                                                                                                                                                         BLACK AMERICAN; PERCEIVED RACIAL DISCRIMINATION; VALUES CLARIFICATION
## 4                                                                                                                                                                         BLACK AMERICAN; PERCEIVED RACIAL DISCRIMINATION; VALUES CLARIFICATION
## 5                                                                                                                                                                                         RACISM; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ANXIETY; VALUES; DEPRESSION
## 6                                                                                                                                                                                         RACISM; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ANXIETY; VALUES; DEPRESSION
## 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 11 FIRST-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE/GENERAL; BIOCHEMISTRY; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; LABORATORY INSTRUCTION; HANDS-ON LEARNING/MANIPULATIVES; APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY; CARBOHYDRATES; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; NONMAJOR COURSES; CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH
## 12 FIRST-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE/GENERAL; BIOCHEMISTRY; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; LABORATORY INSTRUCTION; HANDS-ON LEARNING/MANIPULATIVES; APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY; CARBOHYDRATES; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; NONMAJOR COURSES; CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH
## 13                                                                                                                                       SOCIAL JUSTICE; MIXED METHODS; QUALITATIVE METHODS; QUANTITATIVE METHODS; RACE; ETHNICITY; ADOLESCENCE
## 14                                                                                                                                       SOCIAL JUSTICE; MIXED METHODS; QUALITATIVE METHODS; QUANTITATIVE METHODS; RACE; ETHNICITY; ADOLESCENCE
## 15                                                                     RACISM; RESISTANCE; WHITE SUPREMACY; ANTI-BLACKNESS; ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORIES; RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; ANTI-RACISM SOCIALIZATION; INTERSECTIONALITY; BLACK LIVES MATTER
## 16                                                                     RACISM; RESISTANCE; WHITE SUPREMACY; ANTI-BLACKNESS; ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORIES; RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; ANTI-RACISM SOCIALIZATION; INTERSECTIONALITY; BLACK LIVES MATTER
## 17                                                                                                                                                         COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; RACE; ETHNICITY; SOCIAL JUSTICE; ADOLESCENCE
## 18                                                                                                                                                         COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; RACE; ETHNICITY; SOCIAL JUSTICE; ADOLESCENCE
## 19                                                                                                                                                                      PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH; YOUTH ACTIVISM; RACIAL JUSTICE; PANDEMIC
## 20                                                                                                                                                                      PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH; YOUTH ACTIVISM; RACIAL JUSTICE; PANDEMIC
## 21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 23                                                                                                                                                                                                               RACISM; WHITENESS; WHITE YOUTH
## 24                                                                                                                                                                                                               RACISM; WHITENESS; WHITE YOUTH
## 25                                                                                                                          WHITE RACIAL IDENTITY; RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT; WHITENESS; WHITE YOUTH; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; EARLY ADOLESCENCE
## 26                                                                                                                          WHITE RACIAL IDENTITY; RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT; WHITENESS; WHITE YOUTH; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; EARLY ADOLESCENCE
## 27                                                                                                                                                                          ATTACHMENT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; BLACK YOUTH DEVELOPMENT; ANTI-RACISM
## 28                                                                                                                                                                          ATTACHMENT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; BLACK YOUTH DEVELOPMENT; ANTI-RACISM
## 29                                UPPER-DIVISION UNDERGRADUATE; BIOCHEMISTRY; CURRICULUM; INTERDISCIPLINARY/MULTIDISCIPLINARY; PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING/OUTREACH; COMMUNICATION/WRITING; PROBLEM SOLVING/DECISION MAKING; APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY
## 30                                UPPER-DIVISION UNDERGRADUATE; BIOCHEMISTRY; CURRICULUM; INTERDISCIPLINARY/MULTIDISCIPLINARY; PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING/OUTREACH; COMMUNICATION/WRITING; PROBLEM SOLVING/DECISION MAKING; APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY
## 31                                                                                                                                                                                   ANTIRACISM; CULTURAL ADAPTATION; DBT; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 32                                                                                                                                                                                   ANTIRACISM; CULTURAL ADAPTATION; DBT; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 35                                                                                                                                 GENERAL PUBLIC; TESTING/ASSESSMENT; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH
## 36                                                                                                                                 GENERAL PUBLIC; TESTING/ASSESSMENT; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH
## 37                                                                                                                                           ANTIRACISM; CAREGIVERS; PARENTING; SOCIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT; SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM; WHITENESS
## 38                                                                                                                                           ANTIRACISM; CAREGIVERS; PARENTING; SOCIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT; SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM; WHITENESS
## 39                                                                                   SECOND-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; TESTING/ASSESSMENT; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; INCLUSIVETEACHING; BROADENING PARTICIPATION; CULTURAL RELEVANCE
## 40                                                                                   SECOND-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; TESTING/ASSESSMENT; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; INCLUSIVETEACHING; BROADENING PARTICIPATION; CULTURAL RELEVANCE
## 41                                                                                                                                                                   ANTI-BLACK RACISM; ANTIRACISM; RACE; BLACK EMPLOYEES; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 42                                                                                                                                                                   ANTI-BLACK RACISM; ANTIRACISM; RACE; BLACK EMPLOYEES; CRITICAL RACE THEORY
## 43                                                                                                        INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; LAB EXERCISE; SOCIAL JUSTICE; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; DIVERSITY; EQUITY; INCLUSION; CURRICULUM
## 44                                                                                                        INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; LAB EXERCISE; SOCIAL JUSTICE; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; DIVERSITY; EQUITY; INCLUSION; CURRICULUM
## 45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
## 49                                                                                 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; ANALOGIES; TRANSFER; COLLABORATIVE; COOPERATIVELEARNING; DISTANCE LEARNING; SELF INSTRUCTION
## 50                                                                                 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; MINORITIES IN CHEMISTRY; WOMEN IN CHEMISTRY; ANALOGIES; TRANSFER; COLLABORATIVE; COOPERATIVELEARNING; DISTANCE LEARNING; SELF INSTRUCTION
##                                                                                                                                                                                              KeywordsPlus
## 1                                           CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SUBSTANCE USE; STRESS; WOMEN; CARE; HYPERTENSION
## 2                                           CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SUBSTANCE USE; STRESS; WOMEN; CARE; HYPERTENSION
## 3                                                                                     BLOOD-PRESSURE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; DISCRIMINATION; STRESSORS; RESPONSES; DISORDER; IDENTITY; ANXIETY; IMAGERY; RISK
## 4                                                                                     BLOOD-PRESSURE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; DISCRIMINATION; STRESSORS; RESPONSES; DISORDER; IDENTITY; ANXIETY; IMAGERY; RISK
## 5                                        GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MENTAL-HEALTH; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PERCEIVED RACIST; SEXIST EVENTS; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTITY; STRESS; ACCEPTANCE
## 6                                        GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MENTAL-HEALTH; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PERCEIVED RACIST; SEXIST EVENTS; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTITY; STRESS; ACCEPTANCE
## 7                                                                                   EDUCATING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS; INQUIRY; BIOLOGY; RACISM; CONCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; IDEOLOGY; IDENTITY; POVERTY; DESIGN
## 8                                                                                   EDUCATING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS; INQUIRY; BIOLOGY; RACISM; CONCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; IDEOLOGY; IDENTITY; POVERTY; DESIGN
## 9                                               COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; SUBSTANCE USE; BLACK; EXPOSURE; YOUTH; RISK
## 10                                              COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; SUBSTANCE USE; BLACK; EXPOSURE; YOUTH; RISK
## 11                                                                                                                                                    QUALITATIVE TESTS; SOCIAL-JUSTICE; CHEMISTRY; URINE
## 12                                                                                                                                                    QUALITATIVE TESTS; SOCIAL-JUSTICE; CHEMISTRY; URINE
## 13                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 14                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 15                                            ETHNIC-RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; RACE SOCIALIZATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; IDENTITY; PSYCHOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; MINORITY; STEREOTYPES; PRECURSORS
## 16                                            ETHNIC-RACIAL SOCIALIZATION; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; RACE SOCIALIZATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; IDENTITY; PSYCHOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; MINORITY; STEREOTYPES; PRECURSORS
## 17                                                                                                                                            CIVIC ENGAGEMENT; CONSCIOUSNESS; PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENTS; RACE
## 18                                                                                                                                            CIVIC ENGAGEMENT; CONSCIOUSNESS; PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENTS; RACE
## 19                                                                                                                                                               PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH; COMMUNITY
## 20                                                                                                                                                               PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH; COMMUNITY
## 21                                                                                                                  CRITICAL RACE; AGENCY; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; RELEVANCE; PEDAGOGY; STUDENTS; CRITIQUE
## 22                                                                                                                  CRITICAL RACE; AGENCY; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; RELEVANCE; PEDAGOGY; STUDENTS; CRITIQUE
## 23                                                                                                                                                                                                 RACISM
## 24                                                                                                                                                                                                 RACISM
## 25                                                                                               RACE; DISCRIMINATION; ADOLESCENTS; SOCIALIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; MINORITY; CHILDREN; CONTEXT; BLACK; TALK
## 26                                                                                               RACE; DISCRIMINATION; ADOLESCENTS; SOCIALIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; MINORITY; CHILDREN; CONTEXT; BLACK; TALK
## 27                                           EARLY-CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY; RACISM-RELATED STRESS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; METAANALYTIC EVIDENCE; LIFE-SPAN; EXPERIENCES; SENSITIVITY; SECURITY; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR
## 28                                           EARLY-CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY; RACISM-RELATED STRESS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; METAANALYTIC EVIDENCE; LIFE-SPAN; EXPERIENCES; SENSITIVITY; SECURITY; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR
## 29                                                                                                                                                                                 MOTIVATION; CURRICULUM
## 30                                                                                                                                                                                 MOTIVATION; CURRICULUM
## 31                                                                                                                          CRITICAL RACE THEORY; CULTURAL COMPETENCE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HEALTH; HUMILITY
## 32                                                                                                                          CRITICAL RACE THEORY; CULTURAL COMPETENCE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HEALTH; HUMILITY
## 33                                                        RACISM-RELATED STRESS; COLOR-BLIND; INITIAL VALIDATION; STRUCTURAL RACISM; SOCIALIZATION; YOUTH; DISCRIMINATION; DIVERSITY; ATTITUDES; FAMILIES
## 34                                                        RACISM-RELATED STRESS; COLOR-BLIND; INITIAL VALIDATION; STRUCTURAL RACISM; SOCIALIZATION; YOUTH; DISCRIMINATION; DIVERSITY; ATTITUDES; FAMILIES
## 35                                                                                              FEMALE STUDENTS; EQUITY; INSTRUCTION; ACHIEVEMENT; CONCEPTIONS; INVENTORY; VALIDITY; GENDER; MODEL; COLOR
## 36                                                                                              FEMALE STUDENTS; EQUITY; INSTRUCTION; ACHIEVEMENT; CONCEPTIONS; INVENTORY; VALIDITY; GENDER; MODEL; COLOR
## 37       RACIAL-ATTITUDES; SELF-REGULATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; ATTACHMENT SECURITY; EMPATHY DEVELOPMENT; EXPLICIT PREJUDICE; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR; INTERGROUP ANXIETY; PSYCHOSOCIAL COSTS
## 38       RACIAL-ATTITUDES; SELF-REGULATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; ATTACHMENT SECURITY; EMPATHY DEVELOPMENT; EXPLICIT PREJUDICE; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR; INTERGROUP ANXIETY; PSYCHOSOCIAL COSTS
## 39                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 40                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 41 AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION PROGRAMS; CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RESEARCH PARTICIPATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; STRUCTURAL RACISM; LEVEL DIVERSITY; LIFE EXPERIENCE; AVERSIVE RACISM
## 42 AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION PROGRAMS; CRITICAL RACE THEORY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RESEARCH PARTICIPATION; COLOR-BLINDNESS; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; STRUCTURAL RACISM; LEVEL DIVERSITY; LIFE EXPERIENCE; AVERSIVE RACISM
## 43                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 44                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 45                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 46                                                                                                                                                                                                   <NA>
## 47                                                                                             SOCIALIZATION; DISCRIMINATION; YOUTH; RACE; CONSTRUCTION; DIRECTIONS; IDEOLOGY; MINORITY; CULTURES; FUTURE
## 48                                                                                             SOCIALIZATION; DISCRIMINATION; YOUTH; RACE; CONSTRUCTION; DIRECTIONS; IDEOLOGY; MINORITY; CULTURES; FUTURE
## 49                                                                                                                                   COLLEGE; GENDER; STEM; GAP; EXPERIENCES; CURRICULUM; SCIENCE; IMPACT
## 50                                                                                                                                   COLLEGE; GENDER; STEM; GAP; EXPERIENCES; CURRICULUM; SCIENCE; IMPACT
##                              DOI Year LCS GCS
## 1      10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3 2009   4 573
## 2      10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3 2009   4 573
## 3     10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.003 2013   2  13
## 4     10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.003 2013   2  13
## 5     10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.11.001 2015   0  12
## 6     10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.11.001 2015   0  12
## 7  10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721 2016   2  17
## 8  10.1080/07370008.2016.1215721 2016   2  17
## 9  10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880 2020   2  19
## 10 10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880 2020   2  19
## 11   10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00408 2020   2  12
## 12   10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00408 2020   2  12
## 13     10.1177/07435584211031450 2021   4  11
## 14     10.1177/07435584211031450 2021   4  11
## 15             10.1159/000519630 2021   6  59
## 16             10.1159/000519630 2021   6  59
## 17     10.1177/07435584211043289 2021   2  11
## 18     10.1177/07435584211043289 2021   2  11
## 19     10.1177/07435584211034873 2021   4   9
## 20     10.1177/07435584211034873 2021   4   9
## 21 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421 2021   0  22
## 22 10.1080/07370008.2020.1828421 2021   0  22
## 23            10.1111/jora.12783 2022   2   7
## 24            10.1111/jora.12783 2022   2   7
## 25            10.1111/jora.12645 2022   4  20
## 26            10.1111/jora.12645 2022   4  20
## 27 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933 2022   0  41
## 28 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933 2022   0  41
## 29   10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00382 2022   2   6
## 30   10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00382 2022   2   6
## 31                               2022   0   6
## 32                               2022   0   6
## 33            10.1111/cdev.13783 2022   2  23
## 34            10.1111/cdev.13783 2022   2  23
## 35   10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00352 2022   2  19
## 36   10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00352 2022   2  19
## 37            10.1111/famp.12951 2023   0   1
## 38            10.1111/famp.12951 2023   0   1
## 39   10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00528 2023   0   3
## 40   10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00528 2023   0   3
## 41    10.1007/s10869-022-09804-4 2023   2  18
## 42    10.1007/s10869-022-09804-4 2023   2  18
## 43   10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00755 2023   2   2
## 44   10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00755 2023   2   2
## 45    10.1007/s10869-022-09855-7 2023   0   3
## 46    10.1007/s10869-022-09855-7 2023   0   3
## 47             10.1159/000534965 2023   0   1
## 48             10.1159/000534965 2023   0   1
## 49   10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00193 2023   0   1
## 50   10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00193 2023   0   1

Conceptual structre

Co-word analysis

Keyword occurences

NetMatrix1 <- biblioNetwork(M1, 
                            analysis = "co-occurrences", 
                            network = "keywords", 
                            sep = ";")
net1=networkPlot(NetMatrix1, 
                 normalize="association", 
                 n = 50, 
                 Title = "Keyword Co-occurrences", 
                 type = "fruchterman", 
                 size.cex=TRUE, 
                 size=10, 
                 remove.multiple=F, 
                 edgesize = 10, 
                 labelsize=3,
                 label.cex=TRUE,
                 label.n=15,
                 edges.min=2)

NetMatrix2 <- biblioNetwork(M2, 
                            analysis = "co-occurrences", 
                            network = "keywords", 
                            sep = ";")
net2=networkPlot(NetMatrix2, 
                 normalize="association", 
                 n = 50, 
                 Title = "Keyword Co-occurrences", 
                 type = "fruchterman", 
                 size.cex=TRUE, size=10, 
                 remove.multiple=F, 
                 edgesize = 10, 
                 labelsize=3,
                 label.cex=TRUE,
                 label.n=15,
                 edges.min=2)

Descriptive analysis of the keyword co-occurence network characteristics.

netstat1 <- networkStat(NetMatrix1)
summary(netstat1,k=10)
## 
## 
## Main statistics about the network
## 
##  Size                                  425 
##  Density                               0.034 
##  Transitivity                          0.261 
##  Diameter                              5 
##  Degree Centralization                 0.346 
##  Average path length                   2.444 
## 
netstat2 <- networkStat(NetMatrix2)
summary(netstat2,k=10)
## 
## 
## Main statistics about the network
## 
##  Size                                  352 
##  Density                               0.033 
##  Transitivity                          0.374 
##  Diameter                              6 
##  Degree Centralization                 0.201 
##  Average path length                   2.812 
## 

Correspondence analysis

suppressWarnings(
CS1 <- conceptualStructure(M1, method="MCA", field="ID", minDegree=15, clust=5, stemming=FALSE, labelsize=8,documents=20)
)

suppressWarnings(
CS2 <- conceptualStructure(M2, method="MCA", field="ID", minDegree=15, clust=5, stemming=FALSE, labelsize=8,documents=20)
)

Thematic map

Map1=thematicMap(M1, field = "ID", n = 250, minfreq = 4,
  stemming = FALSE, size = 0.7, n.labels=5, repel = TRUE)
plot(Map1$map)
## Warning: ggrepel: 6 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider increasing max.overlaps

Map2=thematicMap(M2, field = "ID", n = 250, minfreq = 4,
  stemming = FALSE, size = 0.7, n.labels=5, repel = TRUE)
plot(Map2$map)
## Warning: ggrepel: 19 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider increasing max.overlaps

Cluster descriptions

library(dplyr)

Clusters1=Map1$words[order(Map1$words$Cluster,-Map1$words$Occurrences),]
Clusters2=Map2$words[order(Map2$words$Cluster,-Map2$words$Occurrences),]

CL1 <- Clusters1 %>% group_by(.data$Cluster_Label) %>% top_n(5, .data$Occurrences)
CL1
## # A tibble: 69 × 9
## # Groups:   Cluster_Label [22]
##    Occurrences Words              Cluster Color Cluster_Label Cluster_Frequency btw_centrality clos_centrality pagerank_centrality
##          <dbl> <chr>                <dbl> <chr> <chr>                     <dbl>          <dbl>           <dbl>               <dbl>
##  1           6 beliefs                  1 #E41… beliefs                      14       257.            0.000898             0.00287
##  2           4 natural-selection        1 #E41… beliefs                      14        39.2           0.000760             0.00229
##  3           2 belief                   1 #E41… beliefs                      14         0.111         0.000719             0.00119
##  4           2 colorado learning…       1 #E41… beliefs                      14         0.517         0.000820             0.00140
##  5           4 educational-policy       2 #377… educational-…                12         0             0.000692             0.00100
##  6           4 politics                 2 #377… educational-…                12        21.3           0.000791             0.00208
##  7           2 digital citizensh…       2 #377… educational-…                12         0.0792        0.000790             0.00167
##  8           2 divide                   2 #377… educational-…                12         0.0792        0.000790             0.00167
##  9          26 equity                   3 #4DA… equity                      440       847.            0.00104              0.0114 
## 10          26 school                   3 #4DA… equity                      440       785.            0.00102              0.0113 
## # ℹ 59 more rows
CL2 <- Clusters2 %>% group_by(.data$Cluster_Label) %>% top_n(5, .data$Occurrences)
CL2
## # A tibble: 112 × 9
## # Groups:   Cluster_Label [27]
##    Occurrences Words            Cluster Color   Cluster_Label Cluster_Frequency btw_centrality clos_centrality pagerank_centrality
##          <dbl> <chr>              <dbl> <chr>   <chr>                     <dbl>          <dbl>           <dbl>               <dbl>
##  1          26 discrimination         1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294       1791.           0.000947             0.0225 
##  2          20 african-american       1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294       1906.           0.000978             0.0185 
##  3          16 health                 1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294       2060.           0.00101              0.0134 
##  4          16 identity               1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294       2087.           0.00101              0.0140 
##  5          12 socialization          1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294        494.           0.000901             0.0119 
##  6          12 youth                  1 #E41A1… discriminati…               294        822.           0.000926             0.0107 
##  7           6 curriculum             2 #377EB… curriculum                   14        370.           0.000785             0.00478
##  8           2 agency                 2 #377EB… curriculum                   14          0.590        0.000689             0.00218
##  9           2 critical race          2 #377EB… curriculum                   14          0.590        0.000689             0.00218
## 10           2 critique               2 #377EB… curriculum                   14          0.590        0.000689             0.00218
## # ℹ 102 more rows

References

Aria, M. & Cuccurullo, C. (2017) bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis, Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), pp 959-975, Elsevier.

Cobo, M. J., Lopez-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the fuzzy sets theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146-166.

Shiao & Woody (2019). The meaning of racism. Sociological Perspectives, 12(X), pp 100-101, Oxford.